在应用程序注册、登陆或者有关支付确认的界面，经常会用到验证码，验证码有的是通过手机发送获取的，有的是在本地点击获取的，通过手机发送获取的动态验证码可以使用第三方类库实现，本地点击获取的是在本地自己绘制的，下面我们来详细讲解一下本地生成动态验证码的过程。
<一>导入CoreGraphics.framework
<二>验证码封装了一个UIView，在使用的时候直接把这个View加到界面上使用
CaptchaView.h
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h> @interface CaptchaView : UIView @property (nonatomic, retain) NSArray *changeArray; //字符素材数组 @property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableString *changeString; //验证码的字符串 @end
CaptchaView.m
#import "CaptchaView.h"
#define kRandomColor [UIColor colorWithRed:arc4random() % 256 / 256.0 green:arc4random() % 256 / 256.0 blue:arc4random() % 256 / 256.0 alpha:1.0];
#define kLineCount 6
#define kLineWidth 1.0
#define kCharCount 6
#define kFontSize [UIFont systemFontOfSize:arc4random() % 5 + 15]
@implementation CaptchaView
@synthesize changeString,changeArray;
- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame
{
if (self = [super initWithFrame:frame]) {
self.layer.cornerRadius = 5.0; //设置layer圆角半径
self.layer.masksToBounds = YES; //隐藏边界
self.backgroundColor = kRandomColor;
//显示一个随机验证码
[self changeCaptcha];
}
return self;
}
#pragma mark 更换验证码,得到更换的验证码的字符串
-(void)changeCaptcha
{
//<一>从字符数组中随机抽取相应数量的字符，组成验证码字符串
//数组中存放的是全部可选的字符，可以是字母，也可以是中文
self.changeArray = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"0",@"1",@"2",@"3",@"4",@"5",@"6",@"7",@"8",@"9",@"A",@"B",@"C",@"D",@"E",@"F",@"G",@"H",@"I",@"J",@"K",@"L",@"M",@"N",@"O",@"P",@"Q",@"R",@"S",@"T",@"U",@"V",@"W",@"X",@"Y",@"Z",@"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",@"i",@"j",@"k",@"l",@"m",@"n",@"o",@"p",@"q",@"r",@"s",@"t",@"u",@"v",@"w",@"x",@"y",@"z",@"杰",@"瑞",@"教",@"育",nil];
//如果能确定最大需要的容量，使用initWithCapacity:来设置，好处是当元素个数不超过容量时，添加元素不需要重新分配内存
NSMutableString *getStr = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithCapacity:kCharCount];
self.changeString = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithCapacity:kCharCount];
//随机从数组中选取需要个数的字符，然后拼接为一个字符串
for(int i = 0; i < kCharCount; i++)
{
NSInteger index = arc4random() % ([self.changeArray count] - 1);
getStr = [self.changeArray objectAtIndex:index];
self.changeString = (NSMutableString *)[self.changeString stringByAppendingString:getStr];
}
//<2>从网络获取字符串，然后把得到的字符串在本地绘制出来（网络获取步骤在这省略）
// self.changeString = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"杰瑞教育"];
}
#pragma mark 点击view时调用，因为当前类自身就是UIView，点击更换验证码可以直接写到这个方法中，不用再额外添加手势
-(void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
//点击界面，切换验证码
[self changeCaptcha];
//setNeedsDisplay调用drawRect方法来实现view的绘制
[self setNeedsDisplay];
}
#pragma mark 绘制界面（1.UIView初始化后自动调用； 2.调用setNeedsDisplay方法时会自动调用）
- (void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect {
// 重写父类方法，首先要调用父类的方法
[super drawRect:rect];
//设置随机背景颜色
self.backgroundColor = kRandomColor;
//获得要显示验证码字符串，根据长度，计算每个字符显示的大概位置
NSString *text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",self.changeString];
CGSize cSize = [@"S" sizeWithAttributes:@{NSFontAttributeName:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:20]}];
int width = rect.size.width / text.length - cSize.width;
int height = rect.size.height - cSize.height;
CGPoint point;
//依次绘制每一个字符,可以设置显示的每个字符的字体大小、颜色、样式等
float pX, pY;
for (int i = 0; i < text.length; i++)
{
pX = arc4random() % width + rect.size.width / text.length * i;
pY = arc4random() % height;
point = CGPointMake(pX, pY);
unichar c = [text characterAtIndex:i];
NSString *textC = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%C", c];
[textC drawAtPoint:point withAttributes:@{NSFontAttributeName:kFontSize}];
}
//调用drawRect：之前，系统会向栈中压入一个CGContextRef，调用UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext()会取栈顶的CGContextRef
CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
//设置画线宽度
CGContextSetLineWidth(context, kLineWidth);
//绘制干扰的彩色直线
for(int i = 0; i < kLineCount; i++)
{
//设置线的随机颜色
UIColor *color = kRandomColor;
CGContextSetStrokeColorWithColor(context, [color CGColor]);
//设置线的起点
pX = arc4random() % (int)rect.size.width;
pY = arc4random() % (int)rect.size.height;
CGContextMoveToPoint(context, pX, pY);
//设置线终点
pX = arc4random() % (int)rect.size.width;
pY = arc4random() % (int)rect.size.height;
CGContextAddLineToPoint(context, pX, pY);
//画线
CGContextStrokePath(context);
}
}
@end
<三>在界面上添加验证码
ViewController.m
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "CaptchaView.h"
@interface ViewController ()<UITextFieldDelegate,UIAlertViewDelegate>
{
CaptchaView *_captchaView;
UITextField *_input;
}
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
//显示验证码界面
_captchaView = [[CaptchaView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 40, 150, 40)];
[self.view addSubview:_captchaView];
//提示文字
UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(190, 40, 100, 40)];
label.text = @"点击图片换验证码";
label.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:12];
label.textColor = [UIColor grayColor];
[self.view addSubview:label];
//添加输入框
_input = [[UITextField alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 100, 150, 40)];
_input.layer.borderColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor].CGColor;
_input.layer.borderWidth = 2.0;
_input.layer.cornerRadius = 5.0;
_input.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:21];
_input.placeholder = @"请输入验证码!";
_input.clearButtonMode = UITextFieldViewModeWhileEditing;
_input.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
_input.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
_input.returnKeyType = UIReturnKeyDone;
_input.delegate = self;
[self.view addSubview:_input];
}
#pragma mark 输入框协议中方法,点击return按钮
- (BOOL)textFieldShouldReturn:(UITextField *)textField
{
//判断输入的是否为验证图片显示的验证码
if ([_input.text isEqualToString:_captchaView.changeString]) {
//正确弹出警告款提示正确
UIAlertView *alview = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"恭喜您 ^o^" message:@"验证成功" delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"OK" otherButtonTitles:nil, nil];
[alview show];
}
else
{
//验证不匹配，验证码和输入框晃动
CAKeyframeAnimation *anim = [CAKeyframeAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.translation.x"];
anim.repeatCount = 1;
anim.values = @[@-20, @20, @-20];
[_captchaView.layer addAnimation:anim forKey:nil];
[_input.layer addAnimation:anim forKey:nil];
}
return YES;
}
#pragma mark 警告框中方法
-(void)alertView:(UIAlertView *)alertView clickedButtonAtIndex:(NSInteger)buttonIndex
{
//清空输入框内容，收回键盘
if (buttonIndex==0) {
_input.text = @"";
[_input resignFirstResponder];
}
}
@end
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