代码分析在大多数项目中通常是作为最后一个步骤（如果做了的话）完成的。其通常难以配置及与现有代码整合。
本文旨在勾勒出使用 Gradle 整合 PMD 与 FindBugs 的步骤，并将其与一个现有的 Sonar 构建工具进行整合。
PMD、CheckStyle 和 FindBugs
首先要做的就是在我们的 build.gradle 文件中添加插件：
apply plugin: 'checkstyle' apply plugin: 'pmd' apply plugin: 'findbugs'
这些插件能在我们的代码中启用 PMD、CheckStyle 和 FindBugs。
默认情况下，这些插件将对测试程序和主程序都进行分析。对于我们，需要避免在测试程序上运行FindBugs和PMD，我们使用如下命令：
findbugs{
findbugsTest.enabled=false
}
pmd {
pmdTest.enabled=false
}
下面，我们从Gradle中执行：
./gradlew clean findBugsMain pmdMain
这将对工程进行清理，然后对源代码执行FindBugs和PMD。
输出结果如下：
:clean :compileJava Note: Some input files use unchecked or unsafe operations. Note: Recompile with -Xlint:unchecked for details. :processResources :classes :findbugsMain FAILED FAILURE: Build failed with an exception. * What went wrong: Execution failed for task ':findbugsMain'. > FindBugs rule violations were found. See the report at: file:///myprojects/build/reports/findbugs/main.xml * Try: Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output. BUILD FAILED Total time: 24.597 secs
由于违背FindBugs规则，还没运行PMD构建已经失败。FindBugs和PMD的输出格式为XML。
结果报告保存在<proj_home>/build/reports文件夹。
为了生成可读的HTML文档并忽略错误继续构建，我们在build.gradle文件中加入：
findbugs{
ignoreFailures=true
findbugsTest.enabled=false
}
tasks.withType(FindBugs) {
reports {
xml.enabled = false
html.enabled = true
}
}
tasks.withType(Pmd){
reports{
xml.enabled=true
html.enabled=true
}
}
pmd {
ignoreFailures = true
pmdTest.enabled=false
}
task.withType用于对每种任务进行配置，您可以对PMD启用HTML和XML报告，对FindBugs启用HTML报告。
注意：在输出报告时，FindBugs仅支持一种可用的输出格式。
./gradlew clean findBugsMain pmdMain :clean :compileJava Note: Some input files use unchecked or unsafe operations. Note: Recompile with -Xlint:unchecked for details. :processResources :classes :findbugsMain FindBugs rule violations were found. See the report at: file:///myprojects/build/reports/findbugs/main.html :pmdMain Removed misconfigured rule: LoosePackageCoupling cause: No packages or classes specified Removed misconfigured rule: LoosePackageCoupling cause: No packages or classes specified 174 PMD rule violations were found. See the report at: file:///myprojects/build/reports/pmd/main.html BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time: 6.013 secs
对于PMD，您可以使用ruleSet选项设置规则集。下面是一些常用的规则集。
pmd {
ignoreFailures = true
pmdTest.enabled=false
ruleSets = [
'java-basic',
'java-braces',
'java-clone',
'java-codesize',
'java-comments',
'java-controversial',
'java-coupling',
'java-design',
'java-empty',
'java-finalizers',
'java-imports',
'java-optimizations',
'java-strictexception',
'java-strings',
'java-typeresolution',
'java-unnecessary',
'java-unusedcode'
]
}
一个输出示例如下：
与Sonar整合
PMD，Checkstyle和Sonar都是很有用的工具。但是，从一个组织的角度，我们需要追踪项目代码质量的变化和一段时间内的技术债务。我们需要能够对照其它类似的团队。
为了能够做到这些，我们使用Sonar。本文假设您已经安装好了Sonar。
对于这种情况，Altassian提供了相应的Sonar插件。为了使用它，我们需要添加必要的插件。
buildscript {
repositories {
mavenCentral()
maven { url "http://mvnrepo.nordstrom.net/nexus/content/groups/public" }
maven { url "http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2" }
}
dependencies {
classpath "org.sonarsource.scanner.gradle:sonarqube-gradle-plugin:1.2"
}
}
构建脚本安装完毕，我们队sonarqube进行配置：
apply plugin: "org.sonarqube"
sonarqube{
check
properties {
// Sonar Specific properties
property 'sonar.projectName', 'Project Services' // This is the display project name
property 'sonar.host.url','http://sonar:8080/' // This is the Sonar Server
property 'sonar.projectKey', 'com.wordpress.mrvivekr:project' // The Key using which the project details are tracked
// JDBC Properties
property 'sonar.jdbc.url','jdbc:jtds:sqlserver://ABCD:1433/SonarDB;domain=MYCOMP;SelectMethod=Cursor'
property 'sonar.jdbc.username','userName'
property 'sonar.jdbc.password','Secr#%'
//Which Sonar Profile to use - this is optional
property 'sonar.profile','JavaProfile'
}
}
注意：sonar.profile是预配置sonar配置（和规则），应由您的公司预先配置完成。但这是可选而非必须。我的JDBC连接使用SQLServer连接。
./gradlew sonarqube
:compileJava UP-TO-DATE :processResources UP-TO-DATE :classes UP-TO-DATE :compileTestJava :processTestResources :testClasses :test ....... ommitted ..... 11:27:36.713 INFO - Java Main Files AST scan done: 812 ms 11:27:36.714 INFO - 13/13 source files have been analyzed 11:27:36.715 INFO - Java bytecode scan... 11:27:36.762 INFO - Java bytecode scan done: 47 ms 11:27:36.762 INFO - Java Test Files AST scan... 11:27:36.762 INFO - 5 source files to be analyzed 11:27:36.885 INFO - Java Test Files AST scan done: 123 ms 11:27:36.885 INFO - 5/5 source files have been analyzed 11:27:36.888 INFO - Package design analysis... 11:27:39.868 INFO - Package design analysis done: 2980 ms 11:27:39.884 INFO - Sensor JavaSquidSensor (done) | time=4307ms 11:27:39.884 INFO - Sensor Lines Sensor 11:27:39.888 INFO - Sensor Lines Sensor (done) | time=4ms 11:27:39.888 INFO - Sensor QProfileSensor 11:27:39.891 INFO - Sensor QProfileSensor (done) | time=3ms 11:27:39.891 INFO - Sensor InitialOpenIssuesSensor 11:27:45.592 INFO - Sensor InitialOpenIssuesSensor (done) | time=5701ms 11:27:45.592 INFO - Sensor ProjectLinksSensor 11:27:45.730 INFO - Sensor ProjectLinksSensor (done) | time=138ms 11:27:45.730 INFO - Sensor VersionEventsSensor 11:27:47.690 INFO - Sensor VersionEventsSensor (done) | time=1960ms 11:27:47.690 INFO - Sensor org.sonar.plugins.findbugs.FindbugsSensor@7894f007 11:27:47.694 INFO - Execute Findbugs 3.0.1... 11:27:48.557 INFO - Found findbugs plugin: /myprojects/build/sonar/findbugs/fb-contrib.jar 11:27:48.596 INFO - Found findbugs plugin: /myprojects/build/sonar/findbugs/findsecbugs-plugin.jar 11:27:48.612 INFO - Findbugs output report: /myprojects/build/sonar/findbugs-result.xml The following classes needed for analysis were missing: javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec 11:27:50.846 INFO - Execute Findbugs 3.0.1 done: 3153 ms 11:29:31.499 INFO - Sensor org.sonar.plugins.findbugs.FindbugsSensor@7894f007 (done) | time=103809ms 11:29:31.499 INFO - Sensor SurefireSensor 11:29:31.500 INFO - parsing /myprojects/build/test-results 11:29:31.558 INFO - Sensor SurefireSensor (done) | time=59ms 11:29:31.558 INFO - Sensor JaCoCoOverallSensor 11:29:31.565 WARN - You are not using the latest JaCoCo binary format version, please consider upgrading to latest JaCoCo version. 11:29:31.565 INFO - Analysing /myprojects/build/jacoco/test.exec 11:29:31.601 WARN - You are not using the latest JaCoCo binary format version, please consider upgrading to latest JaCoCo version. ......... Ommitted ............. 11:30:38.654 INFO - ANALYSIS SUCCESSFUL, you can browse http://sonar:8080/dashboard/index/com.wordpress.mrvivekr:project 11:30:38.654 INFO - Note that you will be able to access the updated dashboard once the server has processed the submitted analysis report. 11:30:38.655 INFO - Executing post-job class org.sonar.plugins.buildbreaker.AlertBreaker 11:30:38.657 INFO - Executing post-job class org.sonar.plugins.buildbreaker.ForbiddenConfigurationBreaker BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time: 5 mins 16.499 secs
您应该看到类似的输出：
享受代码分析吧！